Analysis of Human Resources (HR) Department

Examination of Human Resources (HR) Department We have picked Al Futtaim bunch as the subject of our exploration. The point of our examination is to survey the HR division and point out the shortcomings. To accomplish this objective we will survey the foundation and history will give us a thought regarding the accomplishments as well as hindrances that faces the organization. Additionally, we will take a gander at the authoritative structure of the gathering and the key individuals who are overseeing it. It is significant for our exploration to have a total thought regarding the administrative practices and the HRM job as per different divisions. We will assess the quality and shortcomings of the HRM and we will end our examination with suggestions with for potential enhancements. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND Al Futtaim bunch is a privately-run company which was set up during the 1930s as an exchanging organization. The proprietors of the gathering hold the upper administration positions headed by Majid Al Futtaim as the administrator of the governing body. The organizations working inside the gathering have grown rapidly and turned into a local incorporated business, modern and administrations business situated in the Gulf Area. At present, the gathering comprises of in excess of 40 organizations ruling many market fragments in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Egypt and Pakistan. The gathering has four auxiliaries which are Majid Al Futtaim Properties, Trust, Retail, and Ventures. The gathering was made with a motivation behind dealing with its auxiliaries and regulating the work so as to build up the business and accomplish bound together objectives. The administrations guarantee is to react rapidly to the clients require and fulfill the gatherings investors. In addition the admin istration gives its statement to give moving chances to the workers so as to upgrade their presentation. Another guarantee is to serve the network, ensure the earth and accomplish an eminent corporate social duty. (companys official site) The board PRACTICES The Group comprises of a few center organizations that supplement one another, anyway they are independently overseen. This procedure gives higher adaptability and better possibilities on the grounds that the different working divisions can get a handle on various chances. Simultaneously, various divisions cooperate on key undertakings and contribute, as a gathering, to the accomplishments and the benefit. There are business understandings of participation and the executives inside the gathering. The administration depends on the separation of the retail marks so as to pick up client dependability which thusly will upgrade the business development and business advancement. (companys official site) To confront the market difficulties, and on the grounds that the gathering has huge organizations and different workers which serves various client fragments, the administration has consistently carried advancements and change to a traditional industry. The gathering proclaims that they are both; socially and naturally capable which has positive outcomes, for example, expanding representatives unwaveringness, guaranteeing development and expanding benefit. Additionally, the gatherings methodology is based on making a success win circumstance for the association, primary partners, (for example, workers and clients), and the networks where they are working. To accomplish this methodology, the gathering has an entrenched HR office liable for an enormous number of representatives and laborers. Considering its targets and objectives, Majid Al Futtaim bunch thinks about the HR working for the gathering. For instance, we can take a gander at one significant division which is Al-Futtaim Electronics Sanyo. In this office, the administration has set out the ground for its human recourses to take responsibility for activity called Customer 2000. This activity requires an adjustment in the staff disposition and approach just as an adjustment in the workplace all in all. At the end of the day it is a require an adjustment in the manner business is directed. This activity is an intend to improve profitability and adequacy of the representatives. They are prepared to perk up and mindful of the Internal Customers and simultaneously they ought to be able to concentrate on the External Customers. By making this stride, and to have the option to organize the endeavors and ability of their staff, the administration framed a center panel whose job is to open the correspondence channels bet ween the administration and the workers. The board proceeds as a gathering to pass on and formalize the ideas and thoughts that will in the end lead to the goal of absolute consumer loyalty. The advisory group composes open meetings and guarantees the investment of the considerable number of chiefs and office heads of benefit focuses. These meetings give an opportunity to solid conversations and trade of thoughts and purposes of perspectives. The gathering capacities as indicated by the way of thinking of Prosperity through Customer Satisfaction. To confront the new difficulties and to keep up the developing push, the center council holds its meetings on a week by week premise and guarantees through one on one gathering that the data is consumed by all the staff. (companys official site) THE Organizational STRUCTURE Technique and arranging process need an incredible administration to move the points of view into the real world. Al Futtaim is an enhanced gathering and an enormous association oversaw by the proprietor, Majid Al Futtaim, as the president and the leader of the administration pecking order. The administrator is Sir Michael Rake, a worldwide master who is an advantage for the gathering in view of his long understanding and expert foundation. The board comprises of a gathering of individuals who have specific mastery in specific regions and who can add to the choices and the thriving of the gathering. The CEO is Mr. Iyad Malas a youthful Arab who earned his training in one of the American colleges in the district. Mr. Iyad and his official group are liable for the methodology for the entire gathering which incorporates what the organizations are notwithstanding the entire money related execution of the gathering. At this degree of the administration arranging remembers expectation of p rogress for all the elements of the gathering. The CEO Deputy is Mr. Ahmad Bin Brek, who is additionally a capable chief who can lead the gathering to its objectives. The following level is the business official group which comprises of a few youthful and accomplished workers who actualize the plans and maintain the business as per the settled upon and very much idea out methodology. In light of the base up input, the business official directors report to Mr. Iyad and add to the business system process. The accompanying level in the pecking order comprises of the office heads and their colleagues. Their jobs are to situate, engage and deal with their staff so as to add to the general execution of the organization. The line administrators report to their chiefs and they thusly report to their leaders who are liable for the particular business procedure. Toward the finish of the administration chain of command come the line and office administrators and their collaborators who work in the field with the staff and screen the usage of the plans and report to their bosses in a similar specialty unit. At this hierarchical level the unit official supervisors are answerable for the system. Some portion of the gatherings business arranging situation is the modern setting; economy, government, domains, existing business sector societies. The other part is of the arranging is the objectives and targets which are determined in the gatherings procedure and the key gathering model. In the subsequent level come the division administrators then the line chiefs then the bosses who report to their immediate supervisors. In every division there are the workers with various employments and obligations. In the event that the entire working group doesn't cooperate, no objectives will be accomplished. What's more, if the HR are not fulfilled by the workplace when all is said in done they won't have the option to perform well. (companys official site) Now, HRM has a primary task to carry out. Without the HR, none of the previously mentioned procedures would be accomplished without having proficient workers. These workers must be overseen viably so as to pick up their dependability and guarantee that they will perform t the best of their capacities and lead the organization to meet the vision, crucial, objectives of the organization. HRM has a few capacities every one of them are identified with the HR in the gathering. A portion of the capacities are the accompanying: Enlistment AND SELECTION One of the most significant elements of HRM is the staffing procedure. This procedure is exorbitant and time and exertion expending. The HR experts realize that this procedure ought to be all around intended to spare the gathering the ceaseless costs of commercials, lawful methods, and preparing the new representatives. HRM is liable for dissecting the occupations, creating sets of responsibilities, promoting the openings, breaking down the candidates CVs, meeting the applicants, choosing the best up-and-comers and finalizing the negotiation by offering the new representatives the agreement. Every one of these procedures are finished in participation with the supervisors of the various divisions In the wake of marking the agreement, the HRM is consistently prepared with a direction program conveyed by the immediate administrators. The direction incorporates the approaches and methodology, bunch culture, security and wellbeing issues, work rehearses and other related issues to assist the new worker with getting familiar with others, place and the new errands he/she will perform. Later on, when the new representative beginnings the activity, the HRM is dependable, in participation with the administrators, for the evaluation procedure. The aftereffect of the evaluation causes the HR experts to set the preparation plan so as to enable the worker with any necessary abilities. Majid Al Futtaim bunch has a key vision concerning its representatives. The system suggests that workers be picked dependent on fixed standards. The staffing procedure, to a degree, guarantees selecting the accomplished and efficie

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning

How School Legislation Impacts Teaching and Learning School enactment incorporates any government, state, or nearby guideline that a school, its organization, educators, staff, and constituents are required to follow. This enactment is proposed to manage heads and educators in the day by day tasks of the school locale. School regions some of the time feel immersed by new commands. Now and again a very much planned bit of enactment may have unintended negative consequences. At the point when this happens, overseers and instructors should campaign the administering body to make changes or upgrades to the enactment. FederalSchool Legislation Government laws incorporate the Family Educations Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and some more. Every one of these laws must be clung to by essentially every school in the United States. Government laws exist as a typical way to address a significant issue. A considerable lot of these issues include the encroachment of understudy rights and were ordered to ensure those rights. StateSchool Legislation State laws on training change from state to state. Instruction related law in Wyoming may not be an ordered law in South Carolina. State enactment identified with instruction regularly reflect the controlling gatherings center methods of reasoning on training. This makes a bunch of fluctuating arrangements across states. State laws control issues, for example, educator retirement, instructor assessments, contract schools, state testing necessities, required learning guidelines, and significantly more. Educational committees At the center of each school region is the neighborhood educational committee. Neighborhood educational committees have the ability to make approaches and guidelines explicitly for their locale. These arrangements are continually amended, and new approaches might be included yearly. Educational committees and school managers must monitor the corrections and augmentations with the goal that they are consistently in consistence. New School Legislation Must Be Balanced In training, timing does make a difference. As of late schools, executives, and teachers have been besieged with all around expected enactment. Policymakers must be mindfully mindful of the volume of instruction measures permitted to push ahead every year. Schools have been overpowered with the sheer number of authoritative orders. With such huge numbers of changes, it has been practically difficult to do any one thing great. Enactment at any level must be turned out in a decent methodology. Attempting to actualize a plenty of administrative orders makes it practically difficult to allow any measure to be effective. Youngsters Must Remain the Focus School enactment at any level should possibly be passed if there is complete research to demonstrate that it will work. A policymakers first responsibility in quite a while to training enactment is to the kids in our instruction framework. Understudies should profit by any authoritative measure either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. Enactment that won't decidedly sway understudies ought not be permitted to push ahead. Youngsters are Americas most noteworthy asset. In that capacity, the partisan principals ought to be cleaned away with regards to training. Training issues ought to be solely bi-fanatic. At the point when training turns into a pawn in a political game, it is our kids who endure.

Each Person Shines His Own Way

Each Person Shines His Own Way A samurai who was known for his nobility and honesty, went to visit a Zen monk to ask him for his advice.When the monk had finished his prayers, the Samurai asked, Why do I feel so inferior? I have faced death many times, have defended those who are weak. Nevertheless, upon seeing you meditating, I felt that my life had absolutely no importance whatsoever.Wait. Once I have attended to all those who come to see me today, I shall answer you. replied the monk. The samurai spent the whole day sitting in the temple gardens, watching the people go in and out in search of advice. He saw how the monk received them all with the same patience and the same illuminated smile on his face.At nightfall, when everyone had gone, he demanded: Now can you teach me?The master invited him in and lead him to his room. The full moon shone in the sky, and the atmosphere was one of profound tranquility.Do you see the moon, how beautiful it is? It will cross the entire firmament, and tomorrow the sun will s hine once again.But sunlight is much brighter, and can show the details of the landscape around us: trees, mountains, clouds.I have contemplated the two for years, and have never heard the moon say: why do I not shine like the sun? Is it because I am inferior?Of course not. â€" answered the samurai. The moon and the sun are different things, each has its own beauty. You cannot compare the two.So you know the answer. We are two different people, each fighting in his own way for that which he believes, and making it possible to make the world a better place; the rest are mere appearances.

Adolf Hitler And The Nazi Regime - 1552 Words

I have read a lot of interesting books, but I’ve never been quite fond of history books. However for my American History class I read: People Who Made History; Adolf Hitler, and I have to say this book was rather interesting. This book gave a lot of background and history to Adolf’s childhood, along with his military strategies, as well as his rise and fall as leader of the Nazi regime. This book was incredibly descriptive, and passionately written, even though it was a fact based book one really feel like they could see into the mind of Adolf Hitler. As horrible of a person he was, his ambition was probably one of the most terrifying things about him. Adolf Hitler, born April 20th, 1898 was baptized as a Catholic. Hitlers father,†¦show more content†¦Hitler had a way with words, he was one of the best public speakers know to date, most said he spoke with such emotion, he was one of the few leaders at the time that could really rally a crowd. He was speaking to masses of people who were economically downtrodden after losing the first world war. People during this era were looking for someone or something to grab hold of, and Hitler appeared to the German people as such a trustworthy and upfront politician, that he became their â€Å"Savior.† Thus this horrific man wormed his way into the hearts and minds of an entire nation. Hitler deceived the Germans all along, realizing that he had to become popular, he heavily abused his power. He began his plan with baby steps, starting by getting the people on his side, and keeping them there. He successfully accomplished this by referring to them as â€Å"comrades† and â€Å"fellow German folk†, this boosted national pride for the losers of World War I. The German people never feared Hitler they loved him like a brother or father. Even when they knew people were being killed, simply because they were mentally ill or for some other imperfection, the people were too â€Å"blind † to believe that hitler was behind it. Hitler was bound and determined to start a second world war. He wanted to show the world germany’s superiority, he wanted to develop the ultimate race on earth, pure german. He would achieve this by slaughtering anyone that didn t fit this criteria, which included blond hair, blue

free speech or just offensive Essay example - 1070 Words

Free Speech or Just Offensive? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A highly debated topic as of late has been the staggering rise of offensive language and topics of the music industry, which have infiltrated through. Should the artists of this music be punished for corrupting the minds of the people who listen to it? Or should the musicians rights be protected by the first amendment? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The main problem to be seen is that this music has become extremely popular to the youth. With this popularity comes blow after blow from the media, parents, and organizations putting down the music because they believe its corrupting the children. All of these criticisms towards music have even made the government step in†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Profanity and racism are also now more vocalized through music. We have become accustomed to hearing bad language everywhere. Many musicians use this as an excuse to put it in their songs, saying that its already part of our language. The question is, could the profanity in their songs be the reason that cursing is a part of our language? Of course it is part of the reason why it is so popular, because of its mass publication and the influence stars have on everyday folk. Through this language comes stereotypes and racism towards groups like homosexuals and police. Eminem has been getting practically only criticism for his blatant hatred for homosexual, which he displays through his entire album. Eminem’s songs â€Å"contains unmistakable offensive sexual references†, says the FCC, but they are still letting his songs play on the radio because the lyrics can be preceved innocent (Goodman, Fred 14). GLAD, a homosexual group, has voiced their opinion on the matter in an attempt to boycott the album. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;NWA has also felt the voice of another more powerful group, the police. After NWA came out with the song quot;Fuck the Police,† not only did every crime fighter in America want this groups head but also the FBI. The FBI sent a notice to NWA in early 1989 complainingShow MoreRelatedLimits Of Freedom Of Speech1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe first amendment is the right to freedom of speech. And the ongoing question is whether we should place limitations of the said amendment. My dad used to say â€Å"Without the freedom to offend we cannot fully and entirely have Freedom of speech.† Freedom of speech should be limited due to the array of dangerous ways it can be used. Anything can be seen as offensive. If a song is deemed as offensive by one person, does that mean the song is offensive and not protected by the bill of rights. Some thingsRead MoreCensorship from Obscene Material1066 Words   |  5 Pagesthe issue is how much society is going to permit and where we, as a society, should we draw the line. The freedom of speech has always been considered a right, but that doesnt mean that you can shout, Fire! in a crowded movie theater. The real question is whether such material is harmful or dangerous to our society. Many people are asking whether or not we should censor offensive material. They believe that some material is too obscene for society to hear or see. The advocates of censorshipRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The First Amendment1412 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Free Speech Freedom of Speech. The First Amendment. It’s likely the most well-known part of the United States Constitution, and was considered by the founders of our country to be one of the most important pieces of a free society. While in years prior it has generally been agreed upon that free speech - especially political speech - is vital to democracy, today there are some people singing a different tune. There are those who believe that certain offensive speech (or in some casesRead MoreEssay on Music Censorship1049 Words   |  5 Pagesissue is how much society is going to permit and where we, as a society, should we draw the line. The freedom of speech has always been considered a right, but that doesnt mean that you can shout, Fire! in a crowded movie theater. The real question is whether such material is harmful or dangerous to our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people are asking whether or not we should censor offensive material. They believe that some material is too obscene for society to hear or see. The advocates of censorshipRead MoreProtecting Students From Hurt Feelings1098 Words   |  5 Pagesbackward. The new generation born after the 80’s is overprotected by their parents, seemingly making them become vulnerable to the criticism from the surroundings. Like the parents, many colleges decide to limit free speech to create a place â€Å"protecting students from hurt feelings† (Stack). Just as Lukianoff and Haidt explain in the debate, it is necessary to shield students from statements causing them emotional and psychological harm on campus. It means that turning â€Å"campuses into ‘safe spaces’ whereRead MoreEssay about Free Speech1257 Words   |  6 Pagesuse the rights we are given constitutionally, we are often being criticized and even reprimanded. Our freedom to voice our opinion(s) is being challenged, as critics of free speech are taking offense to what seems like anything and everything merely controversial and arguably prejudice. As people continue to strive for a nation free of prejudice and discrimination, where everyone is equal, safe and happy, they overlook the outcome of creating such an environment. Without different beliefs, theoriesRead MoreThe Role Of Provocative Speech Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Role of Proactive Speech Analysis â€Å"I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.† – Voltaire.   The freedom of speech is an American right in which the foundation of Democracy lies. Freedom of Speech has an impact on Americans lives and people should do their utmost to protect it. For this purpose of protecting freedom of speech Katherine Ho wrote the article â€Å"The Role of Provocative Speech†, published February of 2016. This article was written with the purposeRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 Pagesincredibly difficult and unjust to promote a system to which state authority prevents speech that they find offensive. It is nearly impossible and impractical for a state entity to understand what can and can’t be considered offensive, and what is offensive to some and not to others. That is why the harm principle is a great principle to understand the limits of how far free speech should and can go. Free speech shou ld be protected and promoted so long as it does not create credible harm to anotherRead MoreSpeech On The Bill Of Rights1153 Words   |  5 Pagesrespecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press† (Alderman and Kennedy, pg.21). Because of the First Amendment, hate speech, â€Å"no matter how offensive its content†, was â€Å"protected† under the laws (ACLZ). However, people are still demanding more. They want hate-related speech to be allowed on campuses –without knowing the effects and the damage it could do. Hate speech could bring people down, lower their confidences andRead MoreThe Confederate Flag : A Harmful Form Of Free Speech964 Words   |  4 Pagesvery legitimately be seen as a harmful form of free speech. However in present day, the confederate flag, for the most part does not carry the same meaning or same threat. Many people, who express themselves through t he confederate flag as a symbol, do so as a form of showing southern pride or southern heritage. The current symbol of the confederate flag does not display the same form of harm as it did in history. The current flag does not physically harm anyone nor does it present a credible threat

Is the Global Warming Real Free Essays

Global warming has becoming an increasingly important issue in our environmentally conscious society as it is a problem affecting every aspect of the environment and the living beings everywhere on this planet. Yet, it is quite controversial as to its nature, cause, and the effects it will bring along in the future. The average temperature of the earth’s surface has risen by 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Global Warming Real? or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 degree Celsius since 1880. The International Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC), based on the work of hundreds of scientists in more than 100 countries, has concluded in its 2007 report that this current planetary warming is mainly caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. (The IPCC 2007 Synthesis Report) These activities have greatly increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). These greenhouse gases are naturally occurred and essential for life on earth as they trap the sun’s heat and keep the earth warm. If these gases were removed from the atmosphere, the earth’s temperature would plummet to -18 Celsius, far too cold to sustain our current ecosystem. However, humans are causing massive increase in these greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing their heat- trapping ability. As a result, the temperature is rising higher and higher. Pidwimy, 2006) Scientists have also found that CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas which is responsible for 55% of the current warming. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 increased from 280 parts per million (ppm) in 1750 to 379 ppm in 2005. The principal reason for this mounting CO2 levels is the use of fossil fuels and changes in land use: the burning of oil, gasoline, and coal for running cars, factories, and generating electricity, and the cutting down of forests to make way for farming, housing and other dev elopment. Emissions from fossil fuel combustion contribute about 65% of the additional CO2 added to the atmosphere. (Pidwimy, 2006) The world’s biggest fossil fuel consumers are the United States, China, and the European Union. ( Damassa, 2006) Deforestation contributes 25% the CO2 emissions. Sir Nicholas Stern says the destruction of the rainforests of the Amazon, the Congo basin and Indonesia will in the next four years alone add more CO2 into the atmosphere than every flight in the history of aviation to at least 2025. According to the audited figures from 2003, deforestation is releasing two billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. (Howden, 2007) If these activities continue, the atmospheric CO2 concentration will be double the pre-industrial levels during this century that will raise the global temperatures by around 2?C to 5?C. (Pearce, 2008, P1) Chlorofluorocarbons are man-made greenhouse gases which accounts for 25% of the current warming. Chlorofluorocarbons have the strongest heat-trapping ability among all the greenhouse gases per molecule. However, the atmospheric concentration of these gases is low so they are not as damaging to the climate as CO2. Many nations have reduced their production and use of these man-made chemicals in response to Reports of the development of ozone holes over the North and South Poles and the general decrease in global stratospheric ozone levels over the last 20 years, thus the concentration of these gases may soon begin to decline. (Pidwimy, 2006) Other two important contributors to global warming are methane and nitrous oxide. Comparing figures from 2005 with pre-industrialised levels (measurements taken in 1750), methane increased from around 715 parts per billion (ppb) to 1774 ppb and nitrous oxide increased from 270 ppb to 319 ppb. (The IPCC Synthesis Report 2007) the main sources for the extra methane now found in the atmosphere are agriculture (rice cultivation, grazing animals) and fossil fuel use (coal mining, and oil and gas extraction). Nitrous oxide is released into atmosphere from the loss of the forests, the cutting down forests for agricultural fields, and the use of fertilizers for plants growth. Pidwimy, 2006) The impacts of this man-made warming lie not only, or even primarily, in the temperature rise. It says in the IPCC Synthesis Report 2007, Discernible human influences extend beyond average temperature to other aspects of climate, including temperature extremes and wind patterns. Anthropogenic warming over the last three decades has likely had a discernible influence at the global scale on observed changes in many physical and biological systems. There are many other effects that have occurred due to global warming, e. g. the melting of ice and snow cover, rising global average sea level, increase in intensity and frequency of extreme weather events (heat weaves, heavy precipitation, tropical cyclone activity). (The IPCC Synthesis Report 2007) 41 Scientists are predicting that global warming will produce a lot of negative consequences. According to the IPCC, the global average temperature will rise 0. 2 per decade for the next two decades if the greenhouse gas missions are at or above the current rate and this warming will cause further damage to the global climate system during the 21 century than those observed during the 20 century. (the IPCC 2007 Synthesis Report) The sea level is expected to rise between 7 and 23 inches (18 to 59 centimetres) due to thermal expansion and melting ice on land by the end of this century. By 2080s, many millions more People than today in coastal areas, especially in heavily populated and low-lying mega deltas of Asia and Africa will be at great risk every year due to sea level rise. the IPCC 2007 Synthesis Report) it is estimated that there are more than 180 countries having populations in low-lying costal areas, 70% of which have urban areas of more than 5 million people that are at risk, including Tokyo; New York; Mumbai, India; Shanghai, China; Jakarta, Indonesia; and Dhaka, Bangladesh. (Wagner, 2007)126 Global warming will pose threats to people’s health: More frequent and severe heat waves will cause more heat stroke and other heat-related illnesses and death. The elderly and the young are the most susceptible to these effects; air pollution worsened by global warming will lead to more respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as asthma and cardiac disarryhthmia; Thanks to global warming, malaria-carrying mosquitoes are spreading to cooler places too, where there has never been this disease before, such as South Korea and the highlands of Papua New Guinea; (Weiss, Pam, 2008) And a group of 12 diseases called Deadly Dozen have been found to spread due to the warming temperature, e. g. Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague, Ebola and Tuberculosis. (Simmons) Global warming will add significantly to the world’s water shortage problem as it increases the severity of droughts, foods, and cyclone, all of which reducing the water supply and destroying the quality of water. Wong Poh Poh, a professor at the National University of Singapore, says that the U. N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has found that 2 billion people will not have access to adequate drinking water by 2050 and 1. 2 billion more people will be under the threat of severe water shortage by 2080. NG, 2008)86 Many of the world’s species could be on the verge of extinction due to global warming. According to the IPCC 2007 report, that 20- 30 % of the world’s species would become extinct if global average temperature rises additional 1. 5 to 2. 5?C (relative to 1980-1990) and 40-70% would be expected if the increase in temperature exceeds 3. 5?C. (the IPCC 2007 Synthesis Report) Ho wever, there are some scientists who are sceptical about this man-made global warming theory. According to these sceptics, Climate change is a natural process and is not caused by man. The world has experienced warmer and colder periods in the past without any external cause so a minor rise (less than a degree) in global average temperature is normal. Explains Richard L. Lindzen, a professor of meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, â€Å"the motions of the massive oceans where heat is moved between deep layers and the surface provides variability on time scales from years to centuries. Recent work †¦suggests that this variability is enough to account for all climate change since the 19 Century. † Lindzen asserts that the warming in the tropics around an altitude of about 9 km should be 2. times greater than the surface warming but the measurements show that warming at these levels is only about ? of the surface warming. This means the greenhouse effect only contributes to about one third of the surface warming and not all of this really small warming is caused by man. (Lindzen, 2009) Global warming sceptics also argue that computer models which predict the future climate are not reliable. According to S. Fred Singer, an atmospheric physicist at George Mason University, these computer models can not calculate all the important parameters around the globe therefore are unable to predict the future climate. Singer says, â€Å"If you only calculate temperature, winds, and so on at intervals of 200 miles, then you cannot depict clouds, or even cloud systems, which are much smaller. So until the models have a good enough resolution to be capable of depicting clouds, it’s very difficult to put much faith in them. † Singer also claims that these models do not agree with each other in predicting the temperature rise for a doubling CO2 levels. Some predict a warming of 5 degrees Centigrade while others predict one degree. ( How to cite Is the Global Warming Real?, Papers

Value Management

Executive Summary Value management comprises an important aspect in the management of construction projects. It promotes the value of a project to various internal and external stakeholders. The value of the project improves due to the consideration of various value elements.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, in a bid to be successful in value management, it is imperative for project owners to define the project objectives clearly. Secondly, the value driver in the project should be outlined clearly. Furthermore, it is also imperative for the project owner to appreciate the existence of risks, which might affect the project outcomes. The consideration of these elements fosters the value of the project to the various project stakeholders. This report illustrates the value management and risk management aspects to be considered by the local government auth ority in the UK in implementing a construction project aimed at improving the society’s welfare. Introduction Projects have become a fundamental approach through which governments are adopting in an effort to improve the welfare of the general population. Some of the major projects that have been initiated by different governments relate to the construction of public utilities such as sports centres and transport networks. Additionally, the degree of complexity and costs of projects vary across different set ups. Nevertheless, it is crucial for contractors to adopt effective project management practices in order to deliver value to the target stakeholders. Therefore, the incorporation of optimal value and risk management practices is critical in the delivery of projects. Dallas (111) proposes that value management ensures that the end-user requirements and the project owners’ values are maximised. Thus, value management focuses on maximising the functional benefit of t he project. Conversely, risk management minimises deviation from the desired project outcome. The definition of value is subjective, which means that it depends on the prevailing context. Some of the major contexts of value relate to the exchange value, environmental value, social value, the use value, and image value.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite variation in its meaning, value is comprised of different value drivers. Dallas asserts that values drivers â€Å"include the benefits that contribute to the value of the completed project to the different stakeholders† (125). Failure to incorporate value drivers limits the effectiveness with which a project attains its desired objectives. The concepts of risk and value management are based on results. Therefore, it is essential for project managers to formulate performance measures to assess the outcomes attaine d. This goal can be attained by incorporating a number of generic drivers (Dallas 126). Purpose In its quest to improve the welfare of its citizens, the local government authority in the UK has allocated  £ 9.5 million to be used in a high profile construction project. The project intends to at bring together and provide citizens with access to a number of local authority, leisure, and community services within a single facility. In a bid to succeed in improving the welfare of the citizens, the local government authority [project owner] should ensure that the project delivers high value to the end users. This report analyses the value and risk management aspects that should be considered in improving the project’s capacity to deliver value for money (VFM) and enrich the citizens’ experience. Strategic definitions and value drivers Bontempi emphasises that value engineering culture â€Å"is focused on holistic maximisation of value for money† (89). Thus, the cl ient should consider the different elements in the delivery of the project. The local government authority is committed to delivering a high social value by enhancing the connection between its citizens and fostering positive interaction through the construction project.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Value Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a bid to improve the project outcome, the local government should adopt a holistic approach in managing the value and risk within the construction project. The local government authority should consider a number of generic value drivers as explained herein. Achieve desired financial performance The local government should assess its financial capacity to construct the intended facility by conducting a cost analysis in order to estimate the total cost of the project. Thus, the client will compare the budgetary allocation for the project and the estimated cost. T his move will provide insight on the possible financial constraints that might be incurred in implementing the project. Consequently, the client will determine the need for contingency budgeting. Furthermore, the client will determine the source of additional funds such as loans from financial institutions in advance. This aspect will improve the clients’ capacity to deal with unprecedented project cost overruns. Cost estimation will enable the client to establish an effective basis for cost control. Therefore, the likelihood of the project being delivered successfully will increase. Operational efficiency The decision by the local government authority to invest in the construction project was motivated by the need to transform the community and improve the quality of life amongst citizens within the city and its surrounding. The client intends to achieve this goal by ensuring that citizens access diverse local government, leisure, and community services under one roof. In a bid to achieve this goal, the local government authority should ensure the attainment of a high level of operational efficiency upon the completion of the project. Some of the elements that the client should ensure involve the facility’s capacity to enhance interaction between various units established. Ensuring a high level of operational efficiency will improve the level of satisfaction amongst the end-users [citizens].Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dallas is of the opinion that a â€Å"building should actively enable the work and activities that it is designed for by offering opportunities for interaction and communication† (127). Environmental dimension In the process of implementing the project, the client should not solely focus on the cost of the project. On the contrary, a holistic engineering management and value management approach should be taken into account. Therefore, the local government authority should adopt a culture that recognises different stakeholders who might be affected by the project in order to enhance the VFM. One of the aspects that the client should consider entails ensuring that the project is environmentally sustainable. For example, the construction should not affect the prevailing biodiversity adversely or cause environmental pollution. Cost of maintenance The value of the intended construction project to both the end user and the project owner will be affected by the cost of maintenance. Thus, the project owner should ensure that the cost of maintenance is significantly low in order to enhance its long-term sustainability. Additionally, the cost of maintenance should be minimal because the project will require annual funding by the local government authority. Therefore, minimising the cost of maintenance will ensure that the end-users are not over-burdened, for example, by increasing the levies in order to access the services provided within the facility. Compliance with third-party constraints The project owner should ensure that the construction project complies with the implemented legal requirements. Some of the elements that the project owner should ensure entail the safety and health of the end-user. For example, the local government authority should comply with the building recommendations stipulated by the Commission for Architecture in the Building Environment [CABE]. Furthermore, the owner should ensure that the project aligns with the stipulated legal req uirements. Compliance with legal requirements should be ensured during the delivery process and after completion of the project. Project delivery efficiency The project owner should ensure that effective project management processes are adopted in order to improve the outcome. One of the areas that the local government should consider relates to the management of the project procurement process. Bower emphasises that procurement â€Å"is seen as an adjunct in the delivery of value† (195). In a bid to achieve a high level of efficiency in the project procurement process, the project owner should assess the various activities that constitute an effective project value chain. By adopting the concept of project value chain, the project owner will perceive the various project tasks as value-adding activities. Consequently, the project owner should ensure that the project materials and resources are utilised optimally. Furthermore, the project manager should ensure that the right p eople are engaged in the project delivery process. Ability to attract and retain occupants The project owner intends to improve citizens’ wellbeing through the project. However, this goal is only attainable if the constructed project attracts employees or occupants. The facility should be characterised by a favourable working environment. Furthermore, the facility should inspire the target stakeholders by fostering a positive experience. Project stakeholders Hill (183) defines project stakeholders as the various individuals or entities that have some stakes in the outcome of a project. Projects have two main categories of stakeholders, viz. the internal and external stakeholders. In the process of implementing a project, it is critical for the project manager to ensure that the affiliation of the stakeholders to the project is understood extensively. Furthermore, Hill (183) proposes that project stakeholders have a significant impact on project management environment. Subsequ ently, effective profiling of stakeholders will provide insight on how to manage their influence on the project. The intended construction project will be influenced by the divergent interests of a number of stakeholders as evaluated below. Internal stakeholders This category of stakeholders is comprised of project participants who provide decisions and senior-directions that guide project implementation in order to achieve the desired objectives (Hill 183). Project Sponsor – the local government authority in the UK constitutes the principle project sponsor. The sponsor’s decision-making authority is relatively high, as evidenced by the capacity to make decisions on project continuation and termination. Project Management Office Director – the PMO Director should conduct project management control and oversight. The director should also assess the status of the various project activities continuously. Project Team [technical staff] – the project team sho uld be comprised of members characterised by different expertise in order to ensure the successful delivery of the project activities. The integration of different experts into the team will ensure that the project team deals with complexities that might arise during the implementation process. Project Manager – the project manager will be charged with the responsibility of overseeing the various project management activities that need to be executed during the project’s life cycle. External stakeholders The project owner should identify the external stakeholders. Some of the external stakeholders that should be considered include End users – these involve the final consumers of the project. In this project, the end-users entail the citizens living within the city and its vicinity. The end users will be interested in deriving maximum satisfaction by consuming the services offered by the facility upon its successful completion. External public parties – these include the public organisations such as government agencies, trade associations, labour unions, and government authorities, for example, the construction planning departments [CABE and the Royal Institute of British Architects]. Chinyoi and Olomolaiye (82) argue that these stakeholders have legitimate authority to ensure that the intended constructions adhere to the building regulations on top of being approved by the relevant authorities. Project risk management Raftery (76) asserts that construction projects are complex and they consume a substantial amount of resources. However, the occurrence of unexpected events or risks may affect project delivery adversely. Therefore, it is imperative for the project owner to identify and manage the possible risks that might occur at different phases of the implementation process. Some of the risk events that might be encountered during the construction project are illustrated below. Pre-design stage – the occurrence of confli cts amongst the various interest groups might lead to project delays, hence increasing the cost of the project due to changes in the market environment. Moreover, cost estimation errors might affect the execution of various project tasks. Concept design stage – one of the major risks that might be encountered during this stage relates to delay in the approval of the project, for example, by the construction authorities. Tendering stage – submission of incomplete project tender documents and unqualified bidders might also increase time management risk. Construction stage – the project completion might also be affected by delays and acquisition of the project site among other factors like bad weather. Additionally, the increment in the cost of the project might affect the project outcome adversely. Considering the impact of risk on a project, it is critical for the project manager to adopt effective risk management techniques such as cost analysis and time manage ment. Furthermore, the project owners should outsource construction experts in order to ensure that the project risks are identified and managed effectively. The project owners’ commitment in managing risk influences the extent of support received from the various project stakeholders. Evaluating project success The project sponsor should consider a number of parameters in assessing the success of the project. Some of these parameters include Adherence to the predetermined timeframe – projects should be delivered within a specific pre-determined timeframe in order to increase their value. Thus, the Project Manager should adopt effective time management techniques. Failure to manage project time optimally might increase the cost of the project due to economic changes. Quality of the project outcome – the project outcome should comply with the quality specifications outlined by the project owner. In a bid to improve the quality of the project, it is imperative fo r the project manager to assess continuously the quality attained in the various phases of the project. Cost analysis – the project sponsor should evaluate whether the project has been implemented successfully within the budgetary allocation. Stakeholder satisfaction – the local government authority should also assess the extent to which the project outcome has met and exceeded the stakeholders’ goals. Project development and value studies The project sponsor is committed to ensuring that the desired outcome is attained. In a bid to achieve this goal, the project sponsor has allocated 5 days of study time that the project team will undertake on value management/ value engineering concepts in the project timeframe. The value studies will be conducted with reference to the stages outlined by the 2013 RIBA plan of work. Best and Valence (243) emphasise that value management studies play a fundamental role in enhancing project delivery by promoting a consensus betw een the various project participants. In order to improve the project outcome, it is imperative for the project sponsor to consider two main value study activities as explained herein. Core objectives – the success of the project in delivering the intended outcome will depend on the extent to which the project stakeholders understand the project’s core objectives. Therefore, it is essential for the project owners to train the stakeholders on the diverse project objectives such as quality objectives. By gaining prior knowledge on the project objectives, the project team members will be focused at executing the assigned tasks. Integrating the core objectives as one of the study elements will lead to the improvement of the project outcome. Project sustainability – another aspect that the project owner should consider during the value management studies relates to project sustainability. This study should focus on ensuring that stakeholders develop a comprehensive understanding on the various sustainability targets to be achieved. Some of the elements that should be considered during the project sustainability workshop relate to the adherence to environmental requirements, for example, the climate parameters that will be ensured in the project. The two value management studies should be conducted at different points of the project lifecycle. The value management study with reference to the project’s core objectives should be conducted during the project preparation and brief stage. The study will promote a high level of information synthesis amongst the project stakeholders, hence increasing their level of orientation towards the project. The main participants during the value management-study workshop on the project’s core objectives will include the project sponsors, project manager, the project team, the end-users and the government, and non-government regulatory bodies in the construction industry. Conversely, value managem ent study on sustainability should be conducted at the concept design stage. Kelly, Male, and Graham (43) assert that during the concept design stage, a comprehensive structural design of the intended project is developed. Additionally, the concept designing stage also involves outlining the preliminary project cost information and the project strategies to be adopted. The study on sustainability should mainly involve internal project stakeholders such as the project sponsor, project owners, project team members, the regulatory authorities, and the project manager. One of the agendas that should be taken into account during the sustainability study session relates to how the project will deliver sustainable benefits amongst the target end-users. Furthermore, the study should also illustrate how sustainable VFM will be attained. By considering these stakeholders in the value management and engineering studies, the project owner will entrench the level of participation and support dur ing the implementation process. Thus, the probability of attaining optimal outcome will increase. In order to improve the effectiveness of the value management studies, it is essential for the project owner to conduct the study through an isolated workshop environment. Therefore, the project owner should identify an effective location within which the value management studies should be conducted. Adopting an isolated workshop environment will minimise interruptions from outside agents. Furthermore, this approach will foster collaboration amongst the various project participants, hence increasing the project outcome. Value management study on the projects core objectives should take 2 days while study on project sustainability should take 3 days in order to ensure that the various stakeholders understand the various elements associated with the project such as the project cost, project strategies, and project design. Appraisal of the effectiveness of the value management studies The project owner should evaluate the effectiveness of the value management studies by assessing two main elements. First, the project owner should evaluate the level of understanding amongst the project participants on the value management studies undertaken. Secondly, the appraisal process should also evaluate the project participants’ degree of commitment to ensuring that the desired outcome is attained. Conclusion It is important for the project owner to ensure that effective value management and risk management practices are adopted in order to achieve the project objectives. Some of the value management practices that the project owner should consider include defining the value drivers and the parameters to be adopted in assessing the success with which the value drivers have been integrated into the project. Furthermore, the project owners must ensure that the external and internal project stakeholders are involved in the project planning and delivery process. The project owner decision to integrate value management studies will play a vital role in improving the level of commitment, focus, and support amongst the project participants. Works Cited Best, Rick, and Gerard Valence. Building in value; predesigned issues, New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. Bontempi, Franco. Structural and construction, Chicago: CRC Press, 2003. Print. Bower, Denise. Management of procurement, London: Thomas Telford, 2003. Print. Chinyoi, Ezekiel, and Paul Olomolaiye. Construction stakeholder management,  Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Print. Dallas, Michael. Value and risk management: a guide to best practices, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2006. Print. Hill, Gerard. The complete project management methodology and toolkit, Chicago: CRC Press, 2009. Print. Kelly, John, Steven Male, and Drummond Graham. Value management of  construction projects, Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2004. Print. Raftery, John. Risk analysis in project management, New York: Routledge, 2003. Print. This report on Value Management was written and submitted by user Ahmad Q. to help you with your own studies. 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